Hartmann vs Loudon County Board of Education: Impact on LRE Essay

In the case of Hartmann vs. Loudon County Board of Education, the plaintiff alleged that the defendant failed to educate Mark Hartmann, a student with autism, with non-handicapped children to the maximum extent appropriate. Mark Hartmann is an eleven-year-old child who has a developmental disorder characterized by significant deficiencies in communication skills, social interaction and motor control. He was joined in regular classroom during his pre school years at Butterfield Elementary, Illinois with self-contained classes as well. He was provided with speech and occupational therapy while doing so. So, when they moved to Loudon County, Virginia, and his parents sent him to Ashburn Elementary he was placed at the regular education classroom based from his IEP at Illinois. Mark was provided with all the support including SPED Teacher, Special Aide, Therapist, etc. However eventually, Mark manifested episodes of behavioral problems such as screeching, hitting, pinching, kicking, biting and removing his clothes. His IEP team declared that there was no academic progress noted for Mark in his stay with the regular classroom hence it has been proposed to place him in a specifically structured class at Leesburg Elementary. His parents refused to sign the new IEP and demanded court hearings against the Board due to failures of providing appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. The Hartmanns won the case on the basis that Loudon County failed to provide appropriate steps to try to include Mark in a regular class. They also rejected the administrative findings that Mark could not receive significant educational benefit in a regular classroom. The district relied heavily on the reading of Mark’s experience in Illinois and Montgomery County, where he moved. Also, they regarded disruptive behavior as not a significant factor in determining the appropriate educational placement for a disabled child. However IDEA too expresses the relationship between local school authorities and a reviewing district court such that invitation to the courts is by no means to substitute their own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities. IDEA also notes that administrative findings are prima facie correct. IDEA also does no prohibit educators of the right to present professional judgment and although states have been tasked to give specialized instruction and other services, it is not required to furnish every special service necessary for the child. The appropriateness of Mark’s education becomes inappropriate when despite supplementary aides and services; his education is not achieved satisfactorily due to the severity of the disability. The progress Mark was making at his speech therapy was due to its one on one setting. The Illinois report of his presumed progress was considered flawed. In consideration of Mark’s social skills that were due to interaction with non-disabled peers, this however cannot outweigh his failure to progress in academics in the regular classes. The Supreme Court in favor of the Loudon County Board of Education has therefore reversed the decisions of the district court. I feel that this case impacts on my understanding of the Least Restrictive environment. Clearly, the case helped me clarify issues of appropriateness of education for disabled students, factors to consider in conducting assessments of the students, the relationship between behavior and academic performance vis a vis educational placement decisions, the significance of IEP as a basis for a student’s current performance, and most specially the smooth relationship between parents and educators in arriving at a common understanding for the benefit of the student. This new knowledge is beneficial for me in two ways: in properly interpreting IDEA and in improving assessment of students so that proper IEP is made, appropriate educational placement is suggested and modified teaching strategies and methods are implemented. This case has been important in public education in terms of determining proper relationships between local school authorities and district courts and in the consideration of evidences that are most significant to the case. Also, it created a new sentiment as regards the notion of LRE and FAPE, that mainstreaming favors educational benefit of the student but is not sufficient to attain so.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

ART - Essay Example In this case, one can definitely say that the painting is not at all beautiful. On the other hand, if the painter uses same color shades all over the body parts, that painting can be considered as a beautiful one. In short, color combination plays an important role in deciding whether an artwork is good or bad. Different societies perceive beauty differently. For example, earrings, bracelets, chains, bangles etc are considered as beauty enhancing materials in some societies whereas in other societies, such things are not at all considered so. For example, David Beckham wears an earring in one ear. For many British and European people, that earring is definitely enhancing the beauty of David Beckham. â€Å"According to the BBC, "more lads than ever are buying jewellery - not for their girlfriends, but for themselves. Experts think it is because they are being influenced by famous kings of Bling, like David Beckham and rappers† (To pierce? Why pierce? He pierced). It is not necessary that an Indian or Chinese may consider the earring of Beckham as a beauty enhancing ornament. Many people do believe that earring enhance the beauty of females rather than that of the males. In short, beauty is highly individualistic and subjective and the perceptions of it vary from societies to

Multiple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multiple - Case Study Example Judgment would bid all group members. Question 1: Like other defrauded clients, Mr. Groetsch’s compensation should be in accordance to how much money he had lost through the Medical Capital Holdings security. In spite of Mr. Groetsch’s diagnosis with Alzheimer and his family’s request for Securities America not to do business with him, the stockholder still went ahead and sold him the securities. The arbitrator should consider his health condition, and the fact that his family’s request for no business transaction between him and the American securities. The Americans sold securities regardless of the internal memoranda of Securities America, questioning the legality of the Medical Capital. The concerns spread to brokers diagonally in the company, yet Securities America continued to sell the bonds. The stockholder could have taken advantage of Mr. Groetsch’s health condition to manipulate him into signing the transfer of Medical Capital securities. The characteristics of the disease include loss of memory severe enough to disrupt the normal activities of everyday. The stockholder knew that Mr. Groetsch could experience difficulties trying to maintain his memory ability and, therefore, defraud him. With Alzheimer, he would be unable to maintain employment, plan and execute tasks, to reason and exercise judgment (Fungate & Kinicki 299-305). Question 2 Since arbitration is less complex, cheaper and profitable, the judge should consider class action before arbitration. In this way, the court will compensate people that appealed for class action since they are the majority, and afterwards deal with Mr. Groetsch. Compensation of arbitration before class action may lead to depletion of funds and creation of fear caused by fewer funds available for the compensation of class action. Convincing Mr. Groetsch in case of a negative outcome is easier as compared to those in the class action, because one individual understand faster and bett er than a mass of people. Resolving Mr. Groetsch’s case may be hard since he might not remember some details regarding his case due to his illness. This can further bring in contradictions that may delay the ruling of the arbitrator leading to loss of time and money. Arbitration in this case may take longer and might be expensive due to the one party involved who may experience loss of some memories and record different statements regarding the same case. It is more convenient to look for funds of one individual compared to those in a class action. Class action case consume a lot of time since it involves many people with similar interests, and the judge has to make a fair decision as compared to arbitration where the judge needs to approve the decision of the arbitrator (Fungate & Kinicki 300-303). Question 3: In most cases, teamwork is the best hence; Mr. Groetsch should join class action that is likely to be favored by the judge. Since arbitration is no longer possible, he should contemplate on where the best ruling will be, since the judges spent time on the class action case. Representation by attorneys is one of the issues he ought to think about because the attorneys perform well to ensure their clients get what they deserve. In addition, joining the class lawsuits will make the judge’s work easier since he has to only deal with one case, and make an equal ruling in both

Compare reward approach between Asia and Western economy Essay

Compare reward approach between Asia and Western economy - Essay Example The western economy has shown progress mainly because of the motivated workforce. They have adopted the total reward management strategy. This compares to Asia that also has seen economic rise though not successful as the western economy. The Asian countries have also shifted from the traditional reward system to the total reward system. Western countries adopt the change quickly because they have less cultural cohesion unlike the Asian with the cultural cohesion. The success of the western economy can be linked in the utilization of total reward system to make decisions, improve staff performance and help solve potential reward problems. With the uncertainty of the world economy, having the right talent at the right cost in companies across the world has been a great challenge in human resource. Total reward programs aim at attracting and retaining a talented workforce in any company. As technological advances are, and the swaying global economy poses a significant threat to companies`, it has been shown that total reward strategy is used to achieve excellence. This paper compares the reward approach between Asia and the western world (Chiang and Birtch 2007, p.61). Through use of literatures, rewards systems in the international context have been explored. The main objectives of the paper include: 3. To assess the significance of total reward system under the culturally, globalization influence and through theoretical views of total reward management know the use, models and design in the global economy. According to Milkovich and Newman, (2006, p.8) reward is all the tangible and non-tangible benefits and provisions presented to an employee as part of improving employment relationship. Work rewards refer to benefits employees receive from their workplace that are considered as the determinants of job satisfaction and commitment (Malhotra et

Hospitality Management Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Hospitality Management Industries - Essay Example In order to be relevant in the market in the coming decade resorts must give a comprehensive accommodation at reasonable prices suited for all their clients since pricing is a crucial variable in this market due to the cut throat competition (Fevzi and Levent 102). In addition, diverse cuisine ranging from Chinese, African, Japanese and western is a necessity for resort owners to satisfy their customers taste buds. These consumers love to do their business with pleasure and developers must find peaceful and discrete sites away from the noise and crowds that will offer the visitors with unrivaled ambiance (Fevzi and Levent 106). The resorts must excel in the delivery of quality for its clients endowed with well-trained staff who are welcoming and caring thus making the resort a place to fall in love with. Unlike any other destination in the world, resorts must be the essence of diversity, distinctive and final action venue in the coming decade. Fevzi and Levent (88) points that resorts must work to integrate their services thus ensuring maximization of their sales thus earn profits. Commendably, the future prospect of the resorts will be realized in large part by the capacity to foresee and take advantage of change. It is empirical to identify what will be required to survive in the competitive market and developers must invest in meeting customers needs and desires . The successful corporation of the year 2000 surveyed 600 senior resort executives around the globe with the intention to point out what will make a successful business in the next century. The results showed resorts must use and develop a management bank to tackle the diversity of the market place and employ it. In conclusion, to effectively and efficiently integrate expectations in future, developers must empower their staff and involve them in day-to-day operations of the business to make sure success.Information technology has become

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication Essay

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication - Essay Example The study of language, known as linguistics, has tried to show how language develops among different communities. This study also tries to understand the factors that contribute to similarities and differences in languages. It is clear from the chapter that language does not only mean the ability to talk. There are many forms of language used by human beings to communicate. Spoken language is the most common among them. Currently, there are about three thousands to six thousands different languages in the world. Linguistic anthropology, a branch of linguistics, majors in the study of structure of language. In this study, anthropologists study patterns of sound, the meaning of words made by these sounds, and how these words are combines to make meaningful sentences. Semantics are also covered in this area. Different people from different locations use different terns to describe similar things and physical phenomena in their environment. However, there are some similarities in some of their classifications for instance relatives. Also another area of concern for anthropologists is the origin of language. There are different models that explain the origin and development of language. For instance, from the behaviorist model, a person acquires and develops language from both negative and positive experiences. In linguistics, specifically historical linguistics, the relationship between different languages is also explored. ... Another field of linguistic anthropology is the study of non-verbal communication. Different communities have different forms of nonverbal communication. However, there are those that are universal. Non-verbal communication uses signs and body language to communicate different messages. This field of linguistics have helped very much especially in the study of sign language which is now being used universally. Yet another modern form of language is coded language which is very specialized. This field is being utilized in the field of science for instance in computers. Question two Language is part of every society’s culture therefore understanding the language of a community helps in understanding of a culture of a society. In studying the similarities, differences and development of languages of different communities, we are able to understand the societies better. For example there are communities that live in different geographic locations but have similar or related langua ges. Through this, we can be able to trace the origin of some communities. In these modern days, globalization has influenced almost all aspects in life language included. By making the world a global village means that there is a need for every person from any part of the world to understand each other. In the early times, communication was the major barrier to globalization. Studies in linguistics made everything easier all over sudden. With development of sign language people could communicate and even do business without necessarily having to talk. Again, development of sign language has helped in communication of people who cannot talk or hear. The study of linguistics is being applied

Company and Partnership Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Company and Partnership Law - Essay Example This principle is termed as the Salomon Principle. The paper first discusses the issue of Salomon litigation. The doctrine of the legal entity came from the Salomon case. The facts and findings from the case disclosed that the owner incorporated firms where the family members were the shareholders. The issue and problem came up when the business of the company turns to be bad. The assets value was not sufficient to pay the creditors of the company and that of the owner. The bibliography of Aron Salomon was a leather merchant and wholesale boot maker who initially ran their business having a single owner. In 1892, his children became interested in managing the business in consequentially making Aron decide to manage and convert the business as an organization called Salomon & Company Limited, with a aim of transforming his leather and boot-manufacturing business to the Company. The members (shareholders) of the Company were to be Aron Salomon and his family2. Aron Salomon engaged himself into an agreement with Adolph Anhalt. Adolph Anhalt is considered the trustee of the company. They settled the terms that assuming the case of transferring the business occur. The agreement included the part payment where the Aron Salomon was to receive  £10,000 in debentures showing proof of money loaned out to the Company in that amount. During that period, the legal framework allowed that seven people subscribe to be the company members and owners of the company. As mentioned above, the members were Aron Salomon, Aron Salomon wife, and Aron Salomon children. His sons took control of the company with Aron Salomon as managing director He went ahead to sell his business to the Company for close to  £39,000, with  £10,000 being a debt to Aron and the debentures would serve as evidence. Salomon therefore became the Company’s main shareholder and creditor. On the following year (1893), the Company became liquidated; the arrangement