Accounting in Organizations and Society for Alumina-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAccounting in Organizations and Society for Alumina Limited. Answer: Introduction The company is a leading Australian firm listed on the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange) as well as (OTC) Over-the-Counter market in the United States. The company was created on eleventh December 2002 when WMC Limiteds alumina assets were demerged from the copper, nickel and fertilizer businesses (WMC Resources Limited). The demerger has allowed the investors to benefit straight from the full value of alumina as well as aluminium business. The main strategy of Alumina Limited is the global investment in bauxite mining, alumina refining as well as selected aluminium smelting operations via its forty percent ownership of the AWAC (Alcoa World Alumina Chemicals), the global leading alumina business. Alcoa, Alumina Limiteds partner owns the rest of the sixty percent of AWAC and remains the manager. The Company remains among the top 100 Australian companies and it delivers strong returns, consistent performance alongside ongoing growth. Organizational Structure Diagram: Organizational Structure Alumina Limited uses a limited liability company structure. It is one of the newest organizational structures for the businesses. It is considered a hybrid since limited liability companies can be formed as corporations or partnerships as in the case of Alumina Limited that partners with Alcoa. This structure provide the company owners, referred here as members, the protection from the liability alongside additional obligations identical to a corporation. It is set up in a manner that is manageable as a partnership (Burke 2017). Degree of Alumina Limited Decentralization Ahigher degree of decentralization is witnessed in Alumina Company. Due to its partnership nature, there is a clear decentralization between the partners. Moreover, the company business strategy that focus on global investment in bauxite mining, alumina refining as well as selected aluminium smelting operations leaves the company with no option but to decentralize its operations in many countries but the ownership remains for the company as seen in the diagram above. The higher degree of decentralization is permitted due to the existence of many more decision required to be made at lower levels, and the fact that more decision connected to almost all functional areas are required to be made at lower levels (Jaques 2017). The degree of decentralization in observed in different areas including hiring of workers, employee promotion, capital equipment acquisition, raw material procurement, sales order acceptance, pay/wages increase and travel expenses approval. Because Alumina has a great dispersion of organizational units where many units are scattered over an enormous area, decentralization has been the panacea for better results (Tai and Chuang 2014). Types of Responsibilities Centers Alumina Limited uses the following four types of responsibility centers in its organizational structure: cost center, revenue center, profit center and investment center. A responsibility center describes an organizational unit that a manager heads and being responsible for both results and activities. Such information on accounting, revenue and cost must be collated and reported on by these centers. Alumina Limited classifies its responsibility center by both scope of responsibility assigned alongside decision-making authority accorded to specific managers. In Alumina Limited, the cost center describes a unit within an organization whereby the managers are held accountable for the incurred cost but not for revenues. The manager responsibility in the cost center is confined to cost. In Alumina Limited, the service and manufacturing departments are categorized as cost centers. In Alumina Limited, the revenue center describes a segment with a primary responsibility of sales revenue generation. The manager has no control over cost, investment in assets, however, he/she has control over certain expense of marketing department. The manager evaluates the performance of this center through the comparison of actual revenue against budgeted revenue, as well as actual marketing expense against budgeted marketing expenses. Examples of revenue centers in Alumina Limited include marketing manager of product line and individual sales representative (Kim, Park and Ryu 2017). In Alumina Limited, the investment center describes a segment responsible for investment and profit. The manager controls revenue, expenses as well as invested amount in this center. Manager further formulates credit policy with straight influence on debt collection alongside inventory policy that determines investment in inventory. The manager has additional authority and responsibility accorded to either profit or cost centers. The manager controls costs and revenues in addition to investment responsibility. In Alumina Limited, a profit center describes that segment whose manager has the responsibility for costs and revenues. The manager is accorded both authority and responsibility to make decision affecting both revenues and cost and hence profits for division or department. The profit centers main purpose is to earn profit as managers do aim at product production and marketing. The profit center manager evaluates the performance on the basis of whether budgeted profit is achieved. Alumina Limited has a division that produces and markets products that make up profit center and the divisional manager determines the selling price, production policies and marketing programmes. Literature Review Environmental Responsibility The literature review focus on the themes social responsibility and environmental responsibility by examining them in terms of management accounting in Alumina Limited. The examination and discussion of these two themes is done based on their meanings to the industry that Alumina operates and a conclusion presented discussing how the two themes impact Alumina Limited. The company acknowledges that genuine engagement of community and building of relationship remains significant to AWACs forthcoming business success. The joint venture (AWAC) receives both operational and growth license from local communities, associated representatives as well as broader society. It is further the source of one of AWACs greatest significant stakeholder-its 5,146.0 employees who undertake the operations globally. The safety as well as wellbeing of the workers at the work remains a fundamental human right or entitlements as is the ones to collectively bargain as well as freely associate. Alcoa is working to strengthen the culture which promotes safety as a matter of priority concern in every work activity as well as supports worker dignity alongside labor rights globally. Alumina Limited has a strong belief that the business sustainability remains reliant on the integration into business plan of, relevant as well as meaningful sustainability objectives that, in addition to other things, culminate in sensible management of environment. The company has emphasized this by the resource intensive business of the alumina refining as well as smelting. The resources-the AWACs chief business of producing alumina (raw material utilized in production of aluminium) calls for bauxite mining, the ore containing alumina from ecologically sensitive forested areas in the Western Australia alongside Amazon in Brazil. Accordingly, a strong sustainability emphasis is put on management of land, rehabilitation of land as well as biodiversity alongside water management (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain 2014) The energy- bauxite ore refinery into alumina and subsequent smelting of aluminium needs substantial energy resources leading to substantial stewardship energy efficiency alongside emission management issues. The latest operating mine of AWAC at Juruti in Brazil began on September 2009 arising from in-depth research alongside environmental impact assessment before licensing. The assessment undertaken by Alumina Limited include but not limited to surface and underground water monitoring, mining on freshwater impacts, fishing, local farming, as well as impact on territorial alongside aquatic flora besides fauna (Ruggie 2017). Alumina Limited clearly understands the fundamental connection between long-term profitability as well as the sustainability of AWACs operating performance. Both actions and decisions arrived at today impact future, environmental, economic, and social outcomes, and determine the long term profitability alongside returns for its shareholders. To undertake its social responsibility, the Alumina Limited has adopted an effective sustainability approach. The role of Alumina is to support Alcoa in the management of AWAC for effective achievement of best practice in safety community, environment as well as financial performance via strong, collaborative as well as informed governance (Lee, Cin, and Lee 2016). Alumina Limited has a strong belief that via the demonstration of effective as well as responsible environmental stewardship, the society shall endure to provide natural resources for production of the alumina as well as aluminium. The operation of AWAC remain fundamentally resource-intensive, therefore, minimizing the end-to-end life cycle influence of alumina as well as aluminium remains essential. In this regard, Alumina Limited focuses its attention on regions with extreme material influence including management of land alongside rehabilitation, water, emissions, and energy. Alcoa remains an experienced as globally acknowledged environmental manager, with the sophisticated system for monitoring, managing as well as mitigating environmental influences via novel technology as well as emerging operational processes. In the year 2016, there were no key environmental incidents for reporting (El Ghoul, Guedhami, Kim and Park 2014). There were substantial small spillages exceeding twenty liters, nonetheless, none of such spillages culminated in a substantial financial impacts and never constituted a substantial environmental noncompliance be it from Alumina Limiteds activities or the AWACs international operation that is potential to trigger substantial harm to environment. The company engages with its own communities, especially investors alongside financial markets, the major community influence arises via the AWAC operations whereby it remains a neighbor, the economic partner alongside the employer. Nevertheless, the company acknowledges that not each impact from AWACs actions/activities remain positive that strengthens the significance of sustainability governance. There was no material non-compliance/fines on human rights/labor ground emanating from either activities of Alumina or via AWAC global operations in 2016. Performance Measurement System and Rewards The senior management in the Alumina Limited have performed successfully. The CEO, Mr. Ferraro has effectively performed his responsibility for overall management according to the strategy, policies as well as business process the Board adopted. His substantial experience in resources sector backed by more than thirty years of experience in joint ventures, acquisition, mergers, fund raising as well as regulatory matters crossways a vast array of sectors and countries have accounted to better growth and profitability in the company (Manning 2017). The chief financial officer, Mr. Chris Thiris BA (Acc) MBA has discharged his responsibility of accounting, treasury, taxation and investor relations effectively. This saves to his vast experience in finance as well as additional management functions acquired via senior roles he has held in some other companies. The Group Executive Strategy Development, Andrew Wood-BA LLB GradDipACG FGIA FCIS has successfully performed his responsibility of strategy and business development alongside market analysis, pursuing strategic investments as well as developing industry relationships. His over twenty years resource experience in commercial as well as legal roles, primarily at WMC Resource Ltd alongside Sibelco have enabled his success (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). The performance measures including the effectiveness of the strategy, accounting methods, taxation used and profitability and growth are appropriate in terms of the social and environmental responsibilities. They are consistent with strategies, key success factors as well as the organizational structure already explained in this report. The performance measures effectively align to the themes of social responsibility and environmental responsibility as addressed overhead. Recommendation and Conclusion It is recommended that Alumina Limited should adhere to the sustainability rules it has adopted in driving its objectives and strategies in meeting social and environmental responsibilities. Since its business is resource-intensive including energy and resource mining to obtain aluminium, it must do so with the negative impacts of its activities to both social and environmental environments. References Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), pp.1-23. El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Kim, H. and Park, K., 2014. Corporate environmental responsibility and the cost of capital: international evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-27. Jaques, E., 2017. Requisite organization: A total system for effective managerial organization and managerial leadership for the 21st century. Routledge. Kim, H., Park, K. and Ryu, D., 2017. Corporate environmental responsibility: A legal origins perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), pp.381-402. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees. Journal of Marketing, 78(3), pp.20-37. Lee, K.H., Cin, B.C. and Lee, E.Y., 2016. Environmental responsibility and firm performance: the application of an environmental, social and governance model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(1), pp.40-53. Manning, K., 2017. Organizational theory in higher education. Routledge. Ruggie, J.G., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility and the Global Compact1. Business, Capitalism and Corporate Citizenship: A Collection of Seminal Essays. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility. Ibusiness, 6(03), p.117.

Therapists Role in Gastric Bypass Procedure free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of the psychologist when evaluating a patient seeking a gastric bypass procedure. To this date there is no standard avenue given to those conducting the interview. Due to the limited knowledge of long term success post-surgery a guideline is given for psychologists to follow. Continued research is needed to determine what may be needed in the interview that is not being addressed at this time. A Therapists Role in A Pre-Surgical Interview for a Gastric Bypass Procedure A huge problem in the United States for the average individual is obesity. While traditional weight loss programs are failing and more extreme methods are being used, psychologists are being called upon to determine if individuals are mentally fit to have a procedure called Bariatric surgery (ie, gastric bypass). This procedure is used for populations of people whom are extremely obese. Therefore extremely obese patients are turning to this unconventional method to lose weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapists Role in Gastric Bypass Procedure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlike traditional weight lose methods whose risks are low, gastric bypass procedures have high health risks involved. In order for this surgery to be successful patients need to reframe their thinking after surgery to continue to maintain the weight that is lost due to the procedure. There have been no clear assessment tools psychologists’ use for pre-op assessment but many psychologists are using a standard assessment to determine if the individual is a candidate for bar iatric surgery. Even though a patient may not want to undergo a psychological evaluation it is a necessary criterion in order to undergo this extreme weight loss procedure. The information a psychologist collects in the pre-op procedure is why they are seeking surgery, diet and weight history, what are their habits currently in regard to eating, educating patient that future lifestyle changes associated with behavior modification therapy, history and current social supports, and any psychiatric symptoms (current and past) (Snyder 2009). The psychologist’s 3 responsibilities during the assessment is to collect a history about the patient, act as an educator providing information to patient about the psychological aspect of the surgery, and the therapist motivating the patient to seek post surgical behavior modification treatment while helping the client deal with emotions that may come up during the evaluation (Snyder 2009). The psychologist’s initial question is the patient’s reason for surgery and what are they hoping to accomplish. The therapist therefore will determine the clients expectations to assess if the client has unrealistic expectations centered around the surgery results (ie. motivation due to only changing physical appearance). The results may suggest the patient may not be a candidate for surgery. Researchers have learned the motivation for surgery should be strictly for health reasons (Bauchowitz, A. , 2007). Patients that have unrealistic expectations regarding weight loss are prone to issues of depression when the surgery and outcome is not what they expected. The second area assessed is a review of the patients eating habits past and current. Researchers found that clients learned messages from family that were contributing factors to weight gain (ie. eat everything on your plate) (Gibbons, L. M. , et al. , 2006). Psychologists’ also determine if a client has had past failures with diets and if not the client is encouraged to try dieting before seeking surgery. The philosophy behind this way of thinking is due to getting used a healthy lifestyle with food intake. The role of the psychologist here is to educate the patient with what will be needed in the future to maintain their ideal weight. They are warned going back to old behaviors with eating behaviors and habits could result in gaining all their weight back. Also, psychologists help the patient if they are dealing with shame for failed diet attempts in the past. Another area of assessment is determining the patient’s current eating behavior. It is important for the therapist to determine the motivation for behavior modification and also seek out eating disordered clients. The patient is also questioned about their plan for exercise post surgery. The biggest finding about non-compliance among failures with post treatment was the lack of motivation for exercise (Snyder 2009). Psychologists also determine if a client is bulimic due to the dangers of a bulimic client can have with gastric bypass procedures. Psychologists at this point educate the patient on the importance of exercise for long term benefits of surgery (Snyder 2009). The psychologist also educates the patient to help them to understand what they are agreeing to when seeking gastric bypass. The therapist also should point out the consequences of going back to the past ifestyle with eating behavior (Snyder 2009). Another area of importance is the social network of family and friends the patient has when having surgery. The social network can make or break a patient’s success or failure. Therefore, it is important for the psychologist to understand the patient’s social network in the past and present. Negative consequences of the surgery (ie. affair) ca n lead to jealousy of the spouse and present sabotaging behavior of the spouse. Therefore it is important for a psychologist to address issues that could present themselves if applicable (Snyder 2009). One of the primary reasons an interview is conducted pre-surgery is to determine if there are any psychiatric disorders that might interfere with success of surgery. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, psychosis, mania, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, history of abuse, family history of mental disorders, and any treatment regarding mental health issues are assessed. An examination called a Mini-Mental Status is given to the patient to determine any psychiatric complications that can present themselves (Fabricatore, Crerand, Wadden , et al. 2006). The MMPI-2 is a psychological test given to pre-surgical candidates for a gastric bypass. This is a way to validate that the psychologist’s assessment interview are the same as compared to the MMPI-2. The psychologist should instruct the client to answer all questions honestly so the test results will be accurate. If the clients’ results show defensiveness with the test results the test may have to be taken again (Walfish, S. , 2007). The Millon Behavior Medicine Diagnostic allows for norms within the population that have undergone surgery. These two tests have been selected for psychologists to use even though there are other tests available. In conclusion, it is important for patients to be assessed before having surgery. The psychologist role is to understand the readiness of a patient and how emotional issues can challenge long term success. The psychologist’s role also is to educate the client on all possible issues that they may face post surgical. Overall, this demonstrates how important a pre-surgical evaluation is needed to increase success for the patient short and long term.

Free Movement of Persons Within the European Union essays

Free Movement of Persons Within the European Union essays Free movement of persons rights can be seen as a tiered level of packages rotating around the fundamental concept of the worker. Rights and obligations arise out of the basic need to ensure the free movement of one of the main factors of production in the community. Illustrate this statement with case law and an analysis of the main regulation in this field. In what areas does the link with the worker concept no longer need to be so strong? Freedom of movement for persons and the abolition of controls at internal frontiers forms part of a wider concept, that of the internal market, in which it is not possible for internal frontiers to exist or for individuals to be hampered in their movements. The concept of the free movement of persons has changed in meaning since its inception. The first provisions on the subject referred merely to the free movement of individuals considered as economic agents, either as employees or providers of services. The original economic concept has gradually widened to take on a more general meaning connected with the idea of Union citizenship, independent of any economic activity or distinctions of nationality. Article 2: The Union shall set itself the following objectives (...)to maintain and develop the Union as an area of freedom, security and justice, in which the free movement of persons is assured in conjunction with appropriate measures with respect to external border controls, asylum, immigration and the prevention and combating of crime, Article 14 ECT: Establishing the internal market including the free movement of persons. The internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty. Article 18 ECT: Union citizens have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States. Every citizen of the Union shall h...

Timeline from 1820 to 1830

Timeline from 1820 to 1830 Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1820: Harriet Tubman is believed to have been born about 1820. As was the case with many slaves, the date of her birth was thought unimportant and was not recorded.January 24, 1820: Henry J. Raymond, political activist, journalist, and founder of the New York Times, was born in Livingston County, New York.January 29, 1820: George IV became the King of England upon the death of George III.February 8, 1820: William Tecumseh Sherman, Union general in the Civil War, was born in Lancaster, Ohio.February 15, 1820: Susan B. Anthony, leader of the American suffrage movement, was born in Adams, Massachusetts.March 1820: The Missouri Compromise became law in the United States. The landmark legislation effectively pushed the issue of slavery aside for the next few decades.March 22, 1820: American naval hero Stephen Decatur was fatally wounded in a duel fought near Washington, D.C.May 12, 1820: Florence Nightingale, English nurse and reformer, was born in Italy.September 26, 1820: American frontiersma n Daniel Boone died in Missouri at the age of 85. He had pioneered the Wilderness Road, which led many settlers westward to Kentucky. October 6, 1820: Jenny Lind, whose American tour was a sensation promoted by Phineas T. Barnum in 1850, was born in Sweden.November 1820: James Monroe faced virtually no opposition and was reelected president of the United States. 1821: February 22, 1821: The Adams-Onis Treaty, by which the United States obtained Florida, went into effect.March 4, 1821: James Monroe was sworn in for his second term as president of the United States.May 5, 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte died in exile on the island of St. Helena.July 24, 1821: Bill Poole, who became notorious as Bill the Butcher, was born in New Jersey.September 3, 1821: A devastating hurricane struck New York City, and the study of its path would lead to the understanding of rotating storms.October 17, 1821: Photographer Alexander Gardner was born in Scotland. He would become noteworthy for photographing the dead at Antietam during the Civil War as well as taking notable portraits of President Abraham Lincoln.December 25, 1821: Clara Barton, Civil War nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, was born in Oxford, Massachusetts.A childrens book published in New York City referred to a character named Santeclaus, which may have been the first printed reference to Santa Cla us in the English language. American traders began using the Santa Fe Trail. 1822: April 22, 1822: Ulysses S. Grant, Civil War general and later president of the United States, was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio.April 26, 1822: Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park, was born in Hartford, Connecticut.May 30, 1822: Arrests in Charleston, South Carolina, prevented a slave uprising which had been planned by Denmark Vesey.October 4, 1822: Rutherford B. Hayes, who would become president in the disputed election of 1876, was born in Delaware, Ohio.Charles Babbage designed the â€Å"difference engine,† an early computing machineHieroglyphs were deciphered using the Rosetta Stone.The first group of freed slaves being resettled in Africa by the American Colonization Society arrived in Liberia and founded the town of Monrovia, named for President James Monroe. 1823: April 3, 1823: William Marcy Boss Tweed, the leader of notorious New York political machine Tammany Hall, was born in New York City.December 23, 1823: The poem A Visit From St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore was published in a newspaper in Troy, New York.December 1823: President James Monroe introduced the Monroe Doctrine as part of his annual message to Congress. 1824: January 21, 1824: Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson, Confederate general in the Civil War, was born in Virginia.March 2, 1824: The landmark Supreme Court decision Gibbons v. Ogden ended a monopoly of steamboats in the waters around New York City. The case opened up the steamboat business to competition, which made great fortunes possible for entrepreneurs such as Cornelius Vanderbilt. But the case also established principles regarding interstate commerce which apply to the present day.May 23, 1824: Ambrose Burnside, Civil War general, was born in Indiana.August 14, 1824: The Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolution, returned to America for a grand tour. He had been invited by the federal government, which wanted to show off all the progress the nation had made in the 50 years since its founding. Over the course of a year Lafayette visited all 24 states as an honored guest.November 1824: The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was deadlocked with no clear winner and would become known as The Corrupt Bargain. With the controversial election of 1824, a period of American politics known as The Era of Good Feelings came to an end. 1825: February 9, 1825: The election of 1824 was settled by a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams as president. Supporters of Andrew Jackson claimed a Corrupt Bargain had been struck between Adams and Henry Clay.March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as president of the United States.October 26, 1825: The entire length of the Erie Canal was officially opened across New York, from Albany to Buffalo. The engineering feat had been the brainchild of DeWitt Clinton. 1826: January 30, 1826: The Menai Suspension Bridge opened in Wales, ushering in an age of great bridges.July 4, 1826: American songwriter Stephen Foster was born in Pennsylvania.July 4, 1826: John Adams died in Massachusetts and Thomas Jefferson died in Virginia, on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Their deaths left Charles Carroll of Carrollton as the last surviving singer of the nations founding document.December 3, 1826: George B. McClellan, Civil War general and commander of Union forces at the Battle of Antietam, was born in Philadelphia.Josiah Holbrook founded the American Lyceum Movement in Massachusetts.Irish immigrant John Hughes, future archbishop and political force in New York, was ordained a priest. 1827: March 26, 1827: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria, at the age of 56.August 12, 1827: English poet and artist William Blake died in London, England at the age of 69.Artist John James Audubon published the first volume of Birds of America. 1828: February 8, 1828: Writer Jules Verne was born in France.Summer-Fall 1828: The election of 1828  was preceded by perhaps the dirtiest campaign ever, with supporters of Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams hurling shocking accusations.November 1828: Andrew Jackson was elected president of the United States. 1829: March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as president of the United States, and raucous supporters nearly wreck the White House.Cornelius Vanderbilt began operating his own fleet of steamboats in New York Harbor.Religious freedom increased in Ireland, thanks to the Catholic Emancipation movement of Daniel O’ConnellThe Metropolitan Police Service was founded in London, England, with its headquarters at Scotland Yard. Decade By Decade: 1800-1810 | 1810-1820 | 1830-1840 | 1840-1850 | 1850-1860 | 1860-1870 | 1870-1880 | 1880-1890 | 1890-1900 | The Civil War Year By Year

La Noche Triste (the night of sorrows) Term Paper

La Noche Triste (the night of sorrows) - Term Paper Example Due to the fact that the Cortes letters to Charles V were the only written sources of information available then, the conquistador’s words were mostly credited as the truth. The description that the Spanish army was just victims of treachery committed by the Aztecs and that it fought bravely and wisely under the able leadership of Cortes were concepts that were widely considered as accurate. However, as an increasing number of historians came to explore further the details of La Noche Triste, it was soon found out that the letters sent by Cortes to the king of Spain may not be the most accurate source of information regarding the events that took place prior to it. One observation is that made by Jonathan Loesberg, who points out that that Cortes actually used a style of writing that puts him in position to influence instead of just obeying the king. In the letter Segunda Relacion, he used a style in which the king would develop support and sympathy for Cortes and his troops. This would naturally serve Cortes’s self-interests later. ... According to Inga Clendinnen in his book Aztecs: An Interpretation, â€Å"the traditional tale being too much in accord with European preferences to be easily surrendered, and the story the victors told continues to for truth.†2 To base the an analysis of an important historical event on the narratives of one man who happens to have a vested interest related to it would certainly produce inaccuracies that may be upheld as truths in the end. This is the reason why, in order to objectively appreciate such event, it is necessary to seek information from other sources as well. Cortes’s accounts are the bases of the theory that Spain intention of exploring the New World and colonizing it is to the introduce Christianity to pagan natives. Under such pretext, all actions Spaniards in the Caribbean as well as in the mainland of what is now known as Latin America were made with missionary work as the excuse. However, as mentioned earlier, Cortes has his own selfish intentions of gaining political power by getting the favor of the king as well as discovering gold for the crown and for himself. These alone are already powerful motivations that drove Cortes to lead his outnumbered but well-equipped army into the Mexican interior. Prior to this, Cortes had heard about the existence of a relatively advanced civilization among the natives. The city-state of Tenochtitlan was the seat of Aztec power in Mexico and its capture could mean the unquestionable dominance of Cortes’s army. The expedition towards Tenochtitlan proved to be productive for the small Spanish army. They met native tribes who happen to be enemies of the Aztecs, such as the Tlaxcaltecas and the people of Tliliuquitepec. Cortes treated these natives as friends although this was all according

Comparison of Martin Scorsese's On-screen adaptation and Edith Essay

Comparison of Martin Scorsese's On-screen adaptation and Edith Wharton's Age of Innocence - Essay Example The partners are thrown into a depth of intimacy no one can imagine who has not experienced it. Thesis The film treats the theme of innocence as a minor one while the novel treats innocence as core of moral values and social traditions. Both film and novel concentrates on the theme of marriage and its relation to innocence and moral values. Marriage is dangerous precisely because it can release and feed as many urges as it satisfies — one reason, perhaps, that divorce is rarely the simple matter it promises to be. theme are governed by the strong sense - common to many writers at the time - that one must be sacrificed to the other, that art can only be bought at the price of life. Like the novel, the film directors saw art as at once the extinction and the glory of existence. Wharton depicts Newland’s marriage as: Of course such a marriage was only what Newland was entitled to; but young men are so foolish and incalculable--and some women so ensnaring and unscrupulous--that it was nothing short of a miracle to see ones only son safe past the Siren Isle and in the haven of a blameless domesticity (Wharton 22). Martin Scorsese creates vivid and bright image of the main characters and follows Wharton’s feelings and passion related to innocence. In both works, the central figure in The Age of Innocence is Newland Archer. Like Lily Bart, Archer is by no means altogether likeable or admirable - and it is one of Whartons greatest strengths that she makes us respond to such characters by presenting them with a sort of luminous completeness. Wharton describes his family: "Ah, how your grandfather Archer loved a good dinner, my dear Newland!" he said, his eyes on the portrait of a plump full-chested young man in a stock and a blue coat, with a view of a white-columned country-house behind him (Wharton 17). Fundamentally amiable, Archer is also snobbish, vain, lazy and at times almost fatuous. If the coincidence of names with

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray Essay Example for Free

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray Essay Thomas Gray’s poem, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, was first published in 1751. Gray’s idea of rustic life as describe in this poem is agrarian and devoted to the land. He talks of the plow turning the sod and of the sickle mowing down the grain. He mentions the plowmen driving their team of draught animals from the fields. He tells of straw sheds and of people awaking to the crow of the rooster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray uses the metaphor of sleep to describe death. He says that those asleep no longer hear the voices of children or the touch and the kisses of those loved ones. He describes death as lending a cold ear and those dead as no longer hearing a call to honor nor does it hear any words of flattery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray comments on the deaths of the rich and powerful, saying that those dead are no better off than the poor dead rustics. He says that the fact that the rich man’s bones are in some fine urn does not allow him to enjoy his mansion any more than the farmer enjoys the humble earth in which his bones are placed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray takes on the issue of class as a rhetorical device to get his point across that the rewards for both are equal and that death is a leveler of the playing field. He impresses upon the reader the fact that in the humble churchyard may lie the remains of a life that had potential for greatness. He says that many sweet blossoms bloom, live and crumble to dust unseen and unknown by anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I were to be lying in the graveyard of the country church I would like to have Gray say of me that I was a friend of heaven, of course, and that I saw and enjoyed the dawns of my days and lived my life to the fullest. Now that I am dead left me sleep in peace and forgive and forget the frailties I displayed on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray, T.   Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 1751